A Pyrenean Grape Variety and a Historic Parent of Cabernet Franc

Camaraou, whether black or white under the name Camaralet de Lasseube, is a grape variety originating from the Pyrenean foothills, specifically from Béarn. Although its direct planting in the Bordeaux vineyards remained limited, its significance is paramount as a parent of Cabernet Franc. This lineage, confirmed by genetic analyses, is fundamental since Cabernet Franc is a major historic variety in Bordeaux, potentially identified with the famous Latin Biturica. Cabernet Franc itself is the parent of iconic varieties that have brought worldwide renown to Bordeaux red wines, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Carménère. Thus, the genetic heritage of the great Bordeaux grape varieties is intrinsically linked to Pyrenean varieties, of which Camaraou is a key representative.

This genetic transfer likely occurred in the early days of viticulture in the region, fostered by exchanges along the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage routes, which were major conduits for the spread of plant material and commercial trade. These routes probably enabled the dissemination and natural hybridisations that led to the birth of these defining grape varieties for Bordeaux.

Ampelographic Profile

Camaraou in the History of Bordeaux Grape Varieties

The role of Camaraou and its white counterpart, Camaralet de Lasseube, in Bordeaux's wine history has been studied in depth, notably in the work of Jean-Baptiste Duquesne. He highlights the importance of genetic exchanges that occurred long before modern planting practices were systematised. Analysis reveals that Cabernet Franc, a cornerstone of Bordeaux's varietal makeup, is the result of a cross between Gouais Blanc, an ancient and widespread variety, and Camaraou Noir. This discovery sheds light on the original diversity of the vineyard and challenges the preconception of a purely local origin for Bordeaux grape varieties. It demonstrates that the richness of this heritage was built through outside contributions, notably Pyrenean varieties, which helped forge the identity of our wines. Similarly, Abouriou: A South-West Variety at the Gates of Bordeaux? also raises intriguing questions about the links between Gironde vineyards and their neighbours.

At Château Cazebonne, we are committed to rediscovering and championing this unique ampelographic heritage. By replanting forgotten Bordeaux varieties and historic crosses, we work to enrich the complexity of our wines and pay tribute to our region's viticultural history. This work is made possible thanks to the dedication of wine lovers who have embraced our wines and share our passion for organic and biodynamic viticulture. To expand your knowledge of Bordeaux ampelography, feel free to download the digital edition of the book "Bordeaux, une histoire de cépages". To test your knowledge and learn more about our estate, explore our wine quizzes, and to discover and taste our cuvées crafted from these heritage varieties, we invite you to visit our online shop.