The 1447 Paulsen rootstock, or 1447 P, is a hybrid variety resulting from a cross between Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris. It was bred during the post-phylloxera period, when the search for phylloxera-resistant rootstocks became vital for the survival of the world's vineyards. It is renowned for its ability to adapt to specific soil conditions, notably its tolerance to drought and certain levels of limestone, making it an attractive choice for many winegrowers.

Rootstock profile

Adaptation to vineyard soils

1447 P stands out for its strong adaptation to dry soils and its ability to withstand prolonged drought, making it relevant in regions where irrigation is restricted or water stress is significant. Its tolerance to active lime is also an asset for terroirs with moderate to high levels of calcium carbonate. In contrast, it is less suited to compact, wet soils where it can be susceptible to root asphyxia. It is particularly well suited to gravelly and stony soils.

Influence on the scion

The 1447 P rootstock confers high vigour to the scion, which can result in substantial vegetative growth. It tends to advance the ripening of grafted grape varieties—a factor to consider when selecting a rootstock for wines that require optimal phenolic ripeness. This vigour can also influence yields and grape quality, requiring careful canopy and crop load management. It promotes good uptake of potassium and magnesium.

Affinities and agronomic management

1447 P exhibits good grafting affinity with most grape varieties grown in the Bordeaux region. Due to the high vigour it confers, it is often advisable to limit planting density or adjust pruning systems to control vine growth and prevent excessive yields detrimental to quality. Monitoring vine balance is essential, especially for varieties such as Cabernet-Sauvignon or Merlot, which are widely planted in the region.

Vulnerabilities and challenges

Despite its qualities, 1447 P is not without limitations. Its high vigour can increase the risk of coulure in certain varieties or, if poorly managed, lead to dense canopies and poor fruit-zone aeration, increasing susceptibility to botrytis. It is also important to note that it is unsuitable for soils prone to waterlogging, where rootstocks with higher moisture tolerance would be preferable, such as 110 R or 1103 P.

1447 P in the face of climate change

In the context of climate change, the drought resistance of 1447 P makes it a rootstock of considerable interest. Its ability to perform well under water stress offers adaptation strategies for Bordeaux vineyards facing more frequent and intense dry spells. However, its tendency to advance scion ripening must be assessed on a case-by-case basis to avoid compounding issues linked to overly early harvests and the resulting aromatic or alcoholic imbalances. The choice should be evaluated alongside other rootstocks such as 140 Ru or 44-53 M, which share certain characteristics, or the 125 AA rootstock (Kober 125 AA).

Presence and use at Château Cazebonne

At Château Cazebonne, the choice of rootstocks is crucial to fully expressing the potential of our terroirs. 1447 P is used on specific plots with freer-draining soils and more limited water reserves, thereby ensuring a steady water supply and good vigour for varieties such as Cabernet Franc. This agronomic choice is part of our commitment to sustainable viticulture, focused on balance between the vine and its environment.

Preserving heritage grape varieties and experimenting with rootstocks tailored to modern challenges lie at the heart of Château Cazebonne's philosophy. This work is made possible thanks to the support of wine lovers who discover and enjoy our wines. We invite you to learn more about the fascinating history of Bordeaux vineyards by downloading our book "Bordeaux, une histoire de cépages", test your knowledge with our wine quizzes, and discover our wines, which reflect this ongoing dedication.