The 1616 Couderc (1616 C) rootstock is an old variety, the result of hybridization work by the ampelographer Georges Couderc. Its creation took place in the post-phylloxera context of the late 19th century, a period when French viticulture was desperately seeking solutions to reconstitute its vineyards decimated by the pest. Research at the time focused on hybrids of American vines, naturally resistant to phylloxera, capable of serving as root systems for European grape varieties.

Rootstock profile

Adaptation to different terroirs

Although detailed information on 1616 C is less common than for other more widely used rootstocks, Couderc's work generally aimed to develop rootstocks adapted to specific soil conditions. For 1616 C, its adaptation is particularly notable in clay soils and those prone to dampness, which is an asset in certain vineyard configurations where drainage can be a challenge. Respect for the terroir is, moreover, a fundamental value at Château Cazebonne.

Behaviour imparted to the vine

Like any rootstock, 1616 C influences the behaviour of the scion, that is to say, the vine variety producing the grapes. It is known to impart good vigour to the vine and can consequently have a significant impact on potential yield. Its influence on the ripening of the scion or on the aromatic quality of the berries is not precisely documented.

Compatibility and vineyard management

The grafting affinity of 1616 C with traditional Bordeaux varieties is an important consideration for winegrowers. Good affinity ensures balanced growth and greater vine longevity. Regarding planting practices and vineyard management, this rootstock may require special attention in terms of planting density and pruning to balance vigour and production. The choice of rootstock is crucial, and the 3309 C rootstock (3309 Couderc) is an example of a commonly used alternative. We are also interested in the 5 C rootstock (Teleki 5 C).

Vulnerabilities and challenges

The susceptibilities of 1616 C, particularly regarding iron chlorosis—which often affects rootstocks with low limestone tolerance—or its resistance to nematodes, are not clearly established. A thorough knowledge of these aspects is crucial for planting in suitable parcels and minimising risks.

Facing a changing climate

In the current context of climate change, a rootstock's ability to cope with periods of drought or, conversely, excessive moisture is becoming increasingly important. The value of 1616 C for damp soils could make it an asset in regions with more frequent rainfall or less well-drained soils, but its drought resistance remains to be evaluated for drier parts of Bordeaux. We have not tested it on the estate.

The work at Château Cazebonne aims to perpetuate Bordeaux's rich viticultural history, notably by replanting once-lost grape varieties. You can discover this exciting approach in our book on the history of Bordeaux grape varieties. We also invite you to test your knowledge of the wine world and discover our wines online, crafted thanks to the support of wine lovers who appreciate our authentic cuvées.